In the sea urchin blastula, early micromere embryogenesis in the 8-32 cell stage is characterized by an intense RNA synthesis of double-stranded RNA species which migrate to adjacent cells before gastrulation. The failure of this process results in the failure of gastrulation, and suggests an inductive role for RNA in early embryogenesis.

Czihak G, "Evidence for Inductive Properties of the Micromere-RNA in Sea-urchin Embryos".

1. Cowden RR, and Lehman HE, "A Cytochemical Study of Differentiation in Early Echinoid Development", Growth vol. 27, pp. 185-197 (1963).

2. Czihak G, "Entwicklungsphysiologische Untersuchen an Echiniden. Ribonucleinsaure-Synthese in dem Mikromeren und Entodermdifferenzierrung. Ein Beitrag zum Problem der Induktion", Wilhelm Roux' Arch. Entwicklungsmechan. Organismen vol. 156, pp. 504-524 (1965).

3. Hagstrom BE, and Lonning S, "Time-lapse and Electron Microscopic Studies of Sea Urchin Micromeres", Protoplasma vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 271-288 (1969).

4. Czihak G, and Horstadius S, "Transplantation of RNA-Labeled Micromeres into Animal Halves of Sea Urchin Embryos. A Contribution to the Problem of Embryonic Induction", Developmental Biology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 15-30 (1970).

5. Kronenberg LH, and Humphreys T, "Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid in Sea Urchin Embryos", Biochemistry vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 2020-2026 (1972).
 

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