A  SARCOMA  OF  THE  FOWL  TRANSMISSIBLE  BY  AN
AGENT  SEPARABLE  FROM  THE  TUMOR  CELLS.*

BY  PEYTON  ROUS,  M.D.

(From the Laboratories of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,
New York.)

PLATES  XLVII-LII.

A transmissible sarcoma of the chicken has been under observa-
tion in this laboratory for the past fourteen months,¹ and it has
assumed of late a special interest because of its extreme malignancy
and a tendency to wide-spread metastasis.² In a careful study of
the growth, tests have been made to determine whether it can be
transmitted by a filtrate free of the tumor cells. Attempts to so
transmit rat, mouse, and dog tumors have never succeeded; and
it was supposed that the sarcoma of the fowl would not differ from
them in this regard, since it is a typical neoplasm. On the contrary,
small quantities of a cell-free filtrate have sufficed to transmit the
growth to susceptible fowls.

EXPERIMENTS.

For the first experiments on this point, ordinary filter paper was
used, and the ground tumor was suspended in Ringer's solution.
It was supposed that the slight paper barrier, which allows the pas-
sage of a few red blood cells and lymphocytes, would suffice to hold
back the tumor and render the filtrate innocuous. Such has been
the experience of other workers, with rat, mouse, and dog tumors.
But in the present instance characteristic growths followed the
inoculation of small amounts of the watery filtrate, or of the fluid
supernatant after centrifugalization of a tumor emulsion.
These results led to more critical experiments, which will be here
detailed. Tumors of especially rapid growth, and young, well-
grown fowls of the variety in which the tumor originally occurred,
namely, the barred Plymouth Rock, were used throughout.

Experiment II.--Tumor from chicken 90 (tumor generation, 6th A) was
ground, suspended, and shaken as before. After one centrifugalization the
fluid was passed through a Berkefeld filter (No. 2, coarse). Before filtration,
it was pinkish yellow, cloudy; afterwards, faintly yellow, limpid. Nine fowls
were inoculated with 0.2 c.c. of the filtrate in each breast, and twenty-two more
received filtrate in one breast, a bit of tumor in the other. Of the nine, one
slowly developed a sarcoma in each breast, and microscopic growths, were later
found in its lungs. Of the twenty-two receiving both filtrate and tumor, five
developed sarcoma where the filtrate had been injected, and these five showed
especially large growths from the tumor bit.

The Berkefeld filter employed was afterwards found to be slightly pervious
to Bacillus prodigiosis. The tumor developing in the fowl injected only with
filtrate has been successfully transplanted to another individual.

Experiment III.---The filtrate was similarly prepared except that a small
Berkefeld filter (No. 5, medium) was used., impermeable, under the conditions,
to Bacillus prodigiosis. As before, the filtration was done at room temperature.
Fowl 124 (7th generation., A) furnished the material. Twenty chickens were
inoculated in each breast with the filtrate, but none have developed tumors.

Experiment IV.--In this experiment the material was never allowed to cooI.
About fifteen grams of tumor from chicken 140 (7th generation, B) was ground
in a warm mortar with warm sand; mixed with 200 c.c. of heated Ringer's solu-
tion; shaken for thirty minutes within a thermostat at 39 ° C.; centrifugalized;
and the fluid passed through a filter similar to that used in experiment III.
Both before and after the experiment, this filter was tested and found to hold
back Bacillus prodigiosis. The filtration of the fluid was done at 38.5 ° C., and its
injection followed immediately. In four of ten fowls inoculated into the muscle
of each breast with 0.2 to 0.5 c.c. of the filtrate, there developed a sarcoma at
one of the points of inoculation; and though the growths required several
weeks to appear, their subsequent enlargement was of average rapidity. Pieces
removed at operation showed the characteristic structure, and transplantation
into other chickens proved successful. Three of the hosts have died, and in two
profuse metastases were found. One of the growths furnished the material for
experiment V.

Experiment V.--The tumor used resulted from the injection into fowl 180
(8th generation, B) of 0.5 c.c. of the filtrate of experiment IV. Just as in this
experiment, the material was ground, suspended, and shaken in the warm, but
300 c.c of Ringer's solution were used to eleven grams of tumor, and the shaking
was continued only twenty minutes. After centrifuging, the filtration was done
at 40 ° C., through a new Berkefeld filter (No. 5, medium), impermeable, under
the same conditions, to Bacillus prodigiosis. Ten young hens were inoculated
in each breast with 0.5 to 1.0 c.c. of the filtrate; and eleven days later a tumor
nodule was just palpable in two of them. One of these growths was at once
removed by operation. It took the form of a small raised disc, firm, grayish, and
translucent, on the outer surface of the pectoral sheath, presumably at the point
penetrated by the injection needle. Its greatest diameter was one and one-half
millimeters. In the other fowl the nodule lay deep in the muscle, and seemed
little, if at all, larger than that described. In control fowls inoculated with bits
of the neoplastic tissue from No. 180, growths measuring from 1.3 to 2.7 cm. in
diameter had developed at this time. Twenty-eight days after inoculation, eight
of the ten fowls given the filtrate showed tumor nodules, some of them still
very small.³

Thus the tumor resulting from injection of a filtrate itself fur-
nished material capable of producing tumors after injection.
The importance of the above results depends on the characters of
the growth employed. These will now be discussed in detail.

STRUCTURE  AND  MODE  OF  GROWTH.

The original tumor was found in the subcutaneous tissue of the
breast of an adult, pure-bred hen. The other individuals of the
small stock were healthy; and though susceptible normal chickens
and chickens with the tumor have been kept together for long
periods, no instance of spontaneous transmission of the growth has
occurred. The characters of the original mass have been detailed
elsewhere.⁴ A more general description of the tumor as it has
appeared on transplantation will here be given.

Histologically the growth has always consisted of one type of
cells, namely, spindle cells, usually in bundles, with a slight vascu-
larizing framework (figure 1 ). Cell division is usually by amitosis,
but mitosis is frequent. Small giant cells, due to the division of
the nucleus without corresponding fission of the cytoplasm, are
occasionally seen, especially about regions where the growth is
degenerating. There is considerable variation in the size of the
cells and in the staining qualities of their nuclei, but the growth has
not changed in general histological character during its propagation

Following implantation of a bit of the neoplastic tissue into the
breast muscle of a susceptible fowl, a circumscribed nodule shortly
becomes evident. It is very firm and definite on palpation, but on
section proves unencapsulated, though distinct in appearance from
the normal tissue. In general, the neoplastic tissue is gristly and
grayish white, with a fine striation on the cut surface. Less often,
it is soft, grayish pink, semitranslucent, and friable, or even gelatin-
ous. In the last instance, it may contain much true mucin. As the
mass grows large, its scanty, thin-walled blood vessels prove insuffi-
cient, and at its center a wide-spread coagulative necrosis, or cystic
change takes place, the latter not infrequently as the result of hemor-
rhage. The cysts are filled with serous or ropy fluid, often colored
with blood pigment ; and polypoid extensions into them of the t'umor
are not rare. Continuing to grow, the mass extends to the muscle-
sheath and perhaps through this to connective tissue and skin. In-
filtrating the latter, it may spread rapidly en cuirasse; but ulceration
is seldom seen. Soon the whole of the inoculated breast is occu-
pied by a bulging, rounded, firm growth (figure 5) ; and the host
rapidly emaciates, becomes cold, somnolent, and dies. In many
cases the viscera, especially the lungs, heart, and liver, are the site
of discrete metastases, gristly and firm, like the primary growth.
Those on the surface of the liver may be umbilicated (figure 6).

TUMORS  RESULTING  FROM  A  FILTRATE.

The tumors which result from the injection of a cell-free filtrate
take much longer to appear. The inoculation into the breast muscle
of a bit of tumor tissue one millimeter in diameter may give rise in
the course of a week to a growing nodule 1.5 centimeters broad;
whereas, following the injection of a filtrate, not the slightest trace
of tumor is palpable for from ten days to three weeks. Then one or
two minute, shotty bodies can be felt, and soon the characteristic
mass develops. At first it is ovoid or spherical in shape, just as
though it had arisen from an introduced bit of neoplastic tissue.
In one case a flat, irregularly branching mass, flame-shaped, so to
speak, developed in the sheath of the pectoral muscle at the point
injured by the injecting needle. Many of the injected fowls in
which no growth appeared in the breast muscle have been carefully
examined at autopsy for tumors elsewhere, but none have been
found. Some with a growth in the breast have developed after a
time others in the viscera, probably the usual metastases, to judge
from size and distribution. Careful note has been kept as to
whether the tumors resulting from a filtrate injection grow more
slowly than usual. This has been found to be the case. Following
their tardy appearance, a considerable proportion of them grow
slowly as compared with control tumors resulting from implantation.

INFLUENCE  OF  THE  HOST.

The stock in which the original tumor occurred consisted of
fowls of one pure-bred variety, the barred Plymouth Rock. The
first transplantation was made to chickens from the same setting
of eggs as the individual with the tumor, and the next successful
one to less closely related members of the same stock. Bits of
the growth were placed in the breast muscle by means of a
trocar, a procedure adopted as the routine. Repeated unsuc-
cessful attempts were made to transfer the growth to chickens
resembling the tumor stock, and of similar variety, but obtained
from another source, and probably not pure-bred (chart 1 ).

EFFECTS  OF  TRANSPLANTATION.

The original tumor had been under observation for two months
before it was brought to the laboratory, and had grown slowly
during that period. With repeated transmission the rate of growth,
as well as the percentage of successful transplantations, has in-
creased; and the period which elapses between implantation and the
appearance of the new sarcoma as a palpable mass has been reduced
from about four weeks to four or five days. The tumor obtained
from the first inoculation required seventy-one days to reach a size
of 5.0 by 3.3 centimeters, and to affect seriously the health of the
host. But in later generations, produced by a similar method of
inoculation, the appearance and development of the tumor have
become progressively more rapid. Growths ten or twelve centi-
meters in length by six in width are now found three weeks after
inoculation of a bit of neoplastic tissue, two millimeters in diameter;
and often death of the host ensues within twenty-six to thirty days,
all told.

Repeated transplantation has also greatly increased the frequency,
extent, and rapidity of metastasis formation. The death of the
original fowl was hastened by a successful intraperitoneal implan-
tation with its own growth, and the autopsy did not disclose any
nodule suggesting a metastasis. The tumor fowl of the first gen-
eration was killed after seventy-two days, and had, in its heart, one
small secondary growth. Metastasis did not take place in the second

MODE  OF  METASTASIS  FORMATION.

The question as to how metastasis of the chicken sarcoma takes
place has great importance. For it might be supposed that the
agent which suffices, independent of the cells, to transmit the tumor
to new individuals would itself cause secondary masses in the host.
Perhaps sometimes it does act alone to produce such masses, though
we have met no instance in which this can be affirmed. On the con-
trary, the findings all indicate, as with the sarcomata of man, that the
metastases result from a distribution of tumor cells, usually by way
of the blood. As has been said, the relations of the sarcoma to
the blood stream are very intimate; quite large vessels walled with
only a layer of endothelium exist within the growth, and in their
neighborhood cell proliferation is at its height. Instances in which
the neoplastic tissue has penetrated a vessel wall are frequent (figure
9), and sometimes a strand of the growth, quite bare of endo-
thelium, extends for a considerable distance in the blood stream
(figure 8). The secondary growths in the viscera are first evident
as small, approximately spherical groups of cells with a blood-vessel
in the midst, occluded by tumor tissue (figure 7). The cells are of
one type, in active mitotic and amitotic division, unsurrounded by
inflammatory reaction. This is true of metastases consisting of
only three or four cells. To recognize a single neoplastic cell lodged
in a capillary has thus far proved impossible because the morphol-
ogy of the single cell does not sufficiently identify it; yet what would
appear to be such emboli are frequent in the pulmonary tissue. The
question of the transplantability of the tumor cells has been settled
in the affirmative by an examination of grafts of the neoplastic
tissue removed shortly after implantation.

Metastasis by way of the lymph-stream occasionally occurs: the
glands along the great vessels above the heart have been found
enlarged and entirely replaced by sarcomatous tissue. Contact
metastasis is very frequent. For example, a mass in the breast may
penetrate the sternal membrane and give rise to nodules on the liver
surface opposite. In the viscera the tumor preserves its histological
character, but its arrangement is influenced to a certain degree by
prefixisting structures. In the lung the pattern of the alveoli may
be perpetuated in tumor cells, as is true also of the striped muscle
(figure 3). The skin may be infiltrated and tightly stretched.
Frequently the growth recurs in wounds made to remove subcuta-
neous grafts, and here its presence need not greatly impede healing.
The early stages in the development of a sarcoma caused by a cell-
free filtrate are difficult to obtain. When such a growth becomes
palpable, it is already one to two millimeters in diameter, and histo-
logically no more enlightening than a metastasis or a graft of the
neoplastic tissue would be.

THE  TUMOR  CELLS  ARE  TRANSPLANTABLE.

A study of many grafts removed at short intervals from the
connective tissue has shown conclusively that the inoculation of a
bit of the sarcoma into a susceptible fowl results in an actual trans-
plantation of the neoplastic cells and growth from them. For the
first two or three days after implantation, the graft is unattached
to the host tissues, but then it unites with them, is vascularized,
and begins to enlarge and to invade the surrounding parts (figure
11 ). Usually a few small mononuclear cells (lymphocytes) col-
lect at its edge, but no other cellular reaction follows that is due
to the initial trauma. Indeed, about metastases a cellular reac-
tion is often completely absent. Unless the graft is very small its
central part dies before vascularization can take place. There re-
mains, however, a living periphery distinct from the normal tissues
of the host, and soon this is vascularized and strands of the spindle-
shaped cells can be seen growing out from it. The findings do not
in the least suggest that the tumor is transmissible apart from its
cells. Certainly it is transplanted easily and is, at present, best
propagated by this means.

The death of grafts of the tumor in fowls with a natural or
acquired resistance takes place in one of two ways. The implanted
tissue may fail entirely to be vascularized, and its death results
after some days, during which a zone of living cells persists at its
periphery (figure 12). Or it may be vascularized and grow for a
brief period, dying at last in the midst of an accumulation of lym-
phocytes. The first process is seen especially in regions poor in
connective tissue and blood-vessels, and may occur there even in
susceptible hosts. The second process is the one found at the edge
of retrogressing tumors. A more detailed account of the fate of
early grafts has been reserved for another paper. The findings
here briefly described are those made familiar to tumor workers
by a study of rat, mouse, and dog tumors.

Cultures from the growth upon many media have repeatedly been
taken; but with the exception of a large post-mortem bacillus once
obtained, they have remained sterile as regards bacteria. Portions
of the filtrate and fresh smears from the tumor surface have been
examined with the dark-field microscope, but neither this nor the
various histological procedures applied to the neoplastic tissue has
disclosed anything which can be recognized as a parasitic organism.

DISCUSSION.

It is evident from the foregoing description that our tumor of
the fowl possesses to a marked degree those characters of mor-
phology and behavior which distinguish the true malignant neo-
plasms, especially the sarcomata. It is formed of a single type of
cells, only slightly differentiated, resembling young connective
tissue cells, and possessed of an enormous proliferative energy
which is exercised to the detriment of the surrounding tissues and
eventually of the entire host. Growth takes place through infiltra-
tion and replacement of normal structures, as well as through
expansive enlargement. Metastasis by way of the blood stream is
common, rarer by the lymphatics; and, to judge from histological
evidence, the transportation, lodgment, and growth of tumor cells
is wholly responsible for the secondary nodules. Indeed, a general
histological study of the sarcoma would not lead one to suspect
that it can be transmitted by another means than a transplantation
of cells. When a small bit of the neoplastic tissue is placed in a
new and susceptible host, most of its cells survive, are vascularized,
and by their proliferation give rise apparently to all of the growth.
In a resistant host, the graft soon dies and no tumor follows. One
would suppose that the sarcoma developed only "aus sich heraus,"
to use Ribbert's phrase. But histological pictures are not decisive
upon this point. Since the growth is transmissible by a cell-free
filtrate, it seems not unlikely that in its neighborhood the connective
tissue cells of the host undergo a neoplastic change.

A feature of the transmissible tumors, which has largely drawn
the attention of cancer workers and has modified current theories
of cancer origin, is their striking dependence for a successful
transplantation on the character and condition of the individual
host. It is a dependence similar to that shown by transplanted
normal tissue, and apparently the same laws largely influence both.
This trait of tumors is illustrated exceptionally well by the chicken
sarcoma. During a considerable period, it could be propagated only
in fowls of precisely the sort in which the original growth occurred
(chart 1 ); and even now it succeeds best in these. It has never
been successfully transmitted to birds of other species, or to mam-
mals. Young fowls are the most favorable hosts; and healthy,
well-nourished ones proves more susceptible than the thin and ill.
Indeed, intercurrent illness of the host may cause the sarcoma
transiently to disappear (chart 2).

The above traits have figured largely in current discussions on
cancer etiology, and most of them have been regarded as evidence
against a specific cause for the disease, extrinsic of the cells. Such
evidence is void, now that a growth has been found possessing the
traits mentioned, yet transmissible independently of its cells. This
fact, and not the problem of how to classify the growth, merits
attention. Nevertheless, a passing reference should perhaps be
made to the ill-defined group of pathological products called granu-
lomata, with which this neoplasm of the fowl may by some be
classed, owing to its transmission by an agent separable from the
tissue cells. None of the granulomata has the tumor characters,
and none is known to be transplantable. The present growth fails
to resemble any granuloma thus far described; whereas it fulfills
all the conditions for identification as a tumor.

The first tendency will be to regard the self-perpetuating agent
active in this sarcoma of the fowl as a minute parasitic organism.
Analogy with several infectious diseases of man and the lower
animals, caused by ultramicroscopic organisms, gives support to
this view of the findings, and at present work is being directed to
its experimental verification. But an agency of another sort is not
out of the question. It is conceivable that a chemical stimulant,
elaborated by the neoplastic cells, might cause the tumor in another
host and bring about in consequence a further production of the
same stimulant. For the moment we have not adopted either
hypothesis.

The ultimate significance of these unusual findings can hardly
be well discussed until more data are obtained through experiment,
especially through carefully devised experiment with the tumors of
other species of animals. For it is quite possible that the failure to
separate from these growths an agent causing them may be trace-
able to some interference with the conditions under which this
supposititious agent can exist alone, or reproduce the growth in
new hosts. Work along the line indicated is under way in this
laboratory.

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES.

Unless otherwise indicated, the sections are stained with Delafield's hema-
toxylin and eosin. In each case the tumor generation and series are given,
followed by the number of fowl from which the specimen came ; thus, 7th A, No.
117.

PLATE  XLVII.

FIG. 1. An area in the original growth. Necrosis is present at one side.
FIG. 2. 8th B, No. 177. Part of a tumor in the left breast, resulting from
the injection of the filtrate of experiment IV. The muscle fibres are largely
invaded and replaced by tumor cells. Methylene-blue and eosin.

PLATE  XLVIII.

FIG. 3. 8th B, No. 177. A drawing which further illustrates the invasion
and replacement of muscle fibres by tumor cells. The preparation is from, the
same growth as Fig. 2.
FIG. 4. 8th B, No. 173. Myxomatous growth caused by the filtrate of experi-
ment IV.

PLATE  XLIX.

Fin. 5. 5th A, No. 82. Growth in the left breast of a chicken, resulting from
the implantation of a small bit of tumor tissue fifty-two days previously. The skin
and connective tissue covering have been removed. The length of the mass is
fourteen centimeters. In the right breast is a nodule that resulted from injection
of the fluid supernatant after centrifugalization of a tumor emulsion.
FIG. 6. 7th A, No. 117. Metastases from a growth in the left breast. The
chest, and abdominal wall, and about half of the breast tumor have been cut
away to expose the viscera. The lungs, much enlarged, are crowded with dis-
crete tumor nodules. The metastases on the surface of the liver are umbilicated
and surrounded by a zone of dilated blood-vessels. The duration of the disease
was thirty-seven days.

PLATE  L.

FIG. 7. 6th A, No. l02. A small metastasis in the lung, with an occluded
blood-vessel at its center. The tumor cells have only short, blunt processes, a
Variation that is not infrequent. The picture is complicated by the presence
of many nucleated red cells.
FIG. 8. 4th B, No. 63. Growth of a tumor of the heart wall into the ven-
tricular blood. A tongue of myxomatous tumor here extends between two tra-
beculae of heart muscle. The dark mass at its end consists of nucleated ery-
throcytes. The transverse rent in the heart muscle above the tumor is an artefact.

PLATE  LI

FIG. 9. 4th B, No. 63. Kidney. Extension of the tumor through the wall
of a vein.
Fig. l0. 7th A, No. 116. Margin of a metastasis in the muscle of the giz-
zard. At one corner some uninvaded tissue is seen. Note the complete absence
of any cellular reaction about the tumor.

PLATE  LII.

FIG. 11. A graft of the sarcoma removed with the surrounding tissue four
days after implantation in a susceptible host. Already it has united at two
points with the host tissue and vascularization is in progress, though too late
to prevent necrosis at the center of the graft.
FIG. 12. A similar graft removed from a resistant host nine days after im-
plantation. Despite the long period, the graft is joined to the host only by two
thin strands of connective tissue shown at either end. It is unvascularized and
necrotic save for a thin peripheral zone of the characteristic cells, which is con-
siderably infiltrated by lymphocytes.

Additional References:

1: Rous P.
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Clin Orthop. 1993 Apr;(289):3-8. No abstract available.
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2:  Rous P.
 Landmark article (JAMA 1911;56:198). Transmission of a malignant new growth by
means of a cell-free filtrate. By Peyton Rous.
JAMA. 1983 Sep 16;250(11):1445-9. No abstract available.
PMID: 6310170 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

3:  Rous P.
 A transmissible avian neoplasm. (Sarcoma of the common fowl) by Peyton Rous,
M.D., Experimental Medicine for Sept. 1, 1910, vol. 12, pp.696-705.
J Exp Med. 1979 Oct 1;150(4):738-53.
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4:  Rous P.
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Conn Med. 1973 Oct;37(10):526. No abstract available.
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5:  Soulet H, Lagarrigue J, Joniot B, Rous P.
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6:  Rous P.
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7:  Rous P.
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8:  Rous P.
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Science. 1967 Jul 7;157(784):24-8. No abstract available.
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9:  Rous P.
 The lamentable decline in self-satisfaction.
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10:  Rous P.
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11:  Rous P.
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13:  Rous P.
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14:  Rous P.
 Citation and Pesentation: The Academy Medal to Richard E. Shope, M.D.
Bull N Y Acad Med. 1965 Apr;41:401-3. No abstract available.
PMID: 14257431 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

15:  Henderson JS, Rous P.
 Further experiments on the cause of sequential neoplastic changes. The effects of 20-methylcholanthrene on transplanted epidermal mouse papillomas and the derivitive carcinomas.
J Exp Med. 1964 Aug 1;120:197-222. No abstract available.
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16:  Rous P.
 Henry James and the mouse.
Perspect Biol Med. 1964;36:433-4. No abstract available.
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17:  Henderson JS, Rous P.
 The plating of tumor components on the subcutaneous expanses of young mice.
Findings with benign and malignant epidermal growths and with mammary
carcinomas.
J Exp Med. 1962 Jun 1;115:1211-30. No abstract available.
PMID: 13906401 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

18:  Rous P.
 Presentation of the Kober Medal for 1961 to O.H.ROBERTSON.
Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1961;74:49-56. No abstract available.
PMID: 14037580 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

19:  Rous P.
 The scope of carcinogenesis.
Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum. 1961;17:262-72. No abstract available.
PMID: 13744002 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

20:  Rous P.
 Charles Oberling, research worker on the nature of cancer.
Science. 1960 Nov 25;132:1534-5. No abstract available.
PMID: 13744001 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

21:  Rous P.
 The possible role of viruses in cancer. Opening remarks.
Cancer Res. 1960 Jun;20:672-6. No abstract available.
PMID: 14439568 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

22:  Rous P.
 Leo Loeb (1869-1959).
Cancer. 1960 May-Jun;13:437-8. No abstract available.
PMID: 14439567 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

23:  Rogers S, Kidd JG, Rous P.
 Relationships of the Shope papilloma virus to the cancers it determines in
domestic rabbits.
Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum. 1960;16:129-30. No abstract available.
PMID: 14438380 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

24:  Rous P.
 Surmise and fact on the nature of cancer.
Nature. 1959 May 16;183(4672):1357-61. No abstract available.
PMID: 13657123 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

25:  Rous P, Allen RA.
 Fatal keratomas due to deep homografts of the benign papillomas of tarred mouse
skin; normal proclivities and neoplastic disabilities as determinants of tumor
course.
J Exp Med. 1958 Jan 1;107(1):63-86. No abstract available.
PMID: 13481256 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

26:  Rous P.
 Comment.
Cancer Res. 1957 May;17(4):349-51. No abstract available.
PMID: 13427020 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

27:  Rous P.
 Presentation of the Kober medal to Richard Shope.
Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1957;70:29-37. No abstract available.
PMID: 13496111 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

28:  Dumbell K, Rous P.
 Are carcinogens responsible for the superimposed neoplastic changes occurring
in mouse tumor cells?  The effect of methylcholanthrene and urethane on
pulmonary adenomas and of methylcholanthrene on mammary carcinomas.
J Exp Med. 1955 Nov 1;102(5):517-44. No abstract available.
PMID: 13271668 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

29:  Rous P.
 Cancer research as viewed along the years.
Acta Physiol Lat Am. 1953;3(2-3):184-7. No abstract available.
PMID: 13138263 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

30:  Rous P, Kidd JG, Smith WE.
 Experiments on the cause of the rabbit carcinomas derived from virus-induced
papillomas. II. Loss by the Vx2 carcinoma of the power to immunize hosts against
the papilloma virus.
J Exp Med. 1952 Aug;96(2):159-74. No abstract available.
PMID: 14955572 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

31:  Smith WE, Kidd JG, Rous P.
 Experiments on the cause of the rabbit carcinomas derived from virus-induced
papillomas. I. Propagation of several of the cancers in sucklings, with
etiological tests.
J Exp Med. 1952 Mar;95(3):299-318. No abstract available.
PMID: 14927795 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

32:  Rogers S, Rous P.
 Joint action of a chemical carcinogen and a neoplastic virus to induce cancer
in rabbits; results of exposing epidermal cells to a carcinogenic hydrocarbon at
time of infection with the Shope papilloma virus.
J Exp Med. 1951 May;93(5):459-88. No abstract available.
PMID: 14832395 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

Papers by Peyton Rous, in: J. Exp. Med. 1908-1979 (115 papers).
http://www.jem.org/cgi/search

    James S. Henderson and Peyton Rous
    FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON THE CAUSE OF SEQUENTIAL NEOPLASTIC
    CHANGES: THE EFFECTS OF 20-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE ON
    TRANSPLANTED EPIDERMAL MOUSE PAPILLOMAS AND THE DERIVATIVE
    CARCINOMAS
    J. Exp. Med., Aug 1964; 120: 197 - 222.

    James S. Henderson and Peyton Rous
    THE PLATING OF TUMOR COMPONENTS ON THE SUBCUTANEOUS
    EXPANSES OF YOUNG MICE: FINDINGS WITH BENIGN AND MALIGNANT
    EPIDERMAL GROWTHS AND WITH MAMMARY CARCINOMAS
    J. Exp. Med., Jun 1962; 115: 1211 - 1230.

    Peyton Rous and Raymond A. Allen
    FATAL KERATOMAS DUE TO DEEP HOMOGRAFTS OF THE BENIGN
    PAPILLOMAS OF TARRED MOUSE SKIN: NORMAL PROCLIVITIES AND
    NEOPLASTIC DISABILITIES AS DETERMINANTS OF TUMOR COURSE
    J. Exp. Med., Jan 1958; 107: 63 - 86.

    Keith Dumbell and Peyton Rous
    ARE CARCINOGENS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SUPERIMPOSED NEOPLASTIC
    CHANGES OCCURRING IN MOUSE TUMOR CELLS?: THE EFFECT OF
    METHYLCHOLANTHRENE AND URETHANE ON PULMONARY ADENOMAS
    AND OF METHYLCHOLANTHRENE ON MAMMARY CARCINOMAS
    J. Exp. Med., Nov 1955; 102: 517 - 544.

    Peyton Rous, John G. Kidd, and William E. Smith
    EXPERIMENTS ON THE CAUSE OF THE RABBIT CARCINOMAS DERIVED
    FROM VIRUS-INDUCED PAPILLOMAS: II. LOSS BY THE VX2 CARCINOMA
    OF THE POWER TO IMMUNIZE HOSTS AGAINST THE PAPILLOMA VIRUS
    J. Exp. Med., Aug 1952; 96: 159 - 174.

    William E. Smith, John G. Kidd, and Peyton Rous
    EXPERIMENTS ON THE CAUSE OF THE RABBIT CARCINOMAS DERIVED
    FROM VIRUS-INDUCED PAPILLOMAS: I. PROPAGATION OF SEVERAL OF
    THE CANCERS IN SUCKLINGS, WITH ETIOLOGICAL TESTS
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1952; 95: 299 - 318.

    Stanfield Rogers and Peyton Rous
    JOINT ACTION OF A CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN AND A NEOPLASTIC VIRUS
    TO INDUCE CANCER IN RABBITS: RESULTS OF EXPOSING EPIDERMAL
    CELLS TO A CARCINOGENIC HYDROCARBON AT TIME OF INFECTION
    WITH THE SHOPE PAPILLOMA VIRUS
    J. Exp. Med., May 1951; 93: 459 - 487.

    William F. Friedewald and Peyton Rous
    THE PATHOGENESIS OF DEFERRED CANCER: A STUDY OF THE
    AFTER-EFFECTS OF METHYLCHOLANTHRENE UPON RABBIT SKIN
    J. Exp. Med., May 1950; 91: 459 - 484.

    William E. Smith and Peyton Rous
    THE NEOPLASTIC POTENTIALITIES OF MOUSE EMBRYO TISSUES: IV.
    LUNG ADENOMAS IN BABY MICE AS RESULT OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO
    URETHANE
    J. Exp. Med., Nov 1948; 88: 529 - 554.

    Peyton Rous
    THE ACTIVATION OF SKIN GRAFTS
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1946; 83: 383 - 400.

    William E. Smith and Peyton Rous
    THE NEOPLASTIC POTENTIALITIES OF MOUSE EMBRYO TISSUES: II.
    CONTRIBUTORY EXPERIMENTS; RESULTS WITH THE SKIN OF C3H AND
    WEBSTER-SWISS EMBRYOS; GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
    J. Exp. Med., Jun 1945; 81: 621 - 646.

    Peyton Rous and William E. Smith
    THE NEOPLASTIC POTENTIALITIES OF MOUSE EMBRYO TISSUES: I. THE
    FINDINGS WITH SKIN OF C STRAIN EMBRYOS TRANSPLANTED TO ADULT
    ANIMALS
    J. Exp. Med., Jun 1945; 81: 597 - 620.

    William F. Friedewald and Peyton Rous
    THE DETERMINING INFLUENCE OF TAR, BENZPYRENE, AND
    METHYLCHOLANTHRENE ON THE CHARACTER OF THE BENIGN TUMORS
    INDUCED THEREWITH IN RABBIT SKIN
    J. Exp. Med., Aug 1944; 80: 127 - 144.

    William F. Friedewald and Peyton Rous
    THE INITIATING AND PROMOTING ELEMENTS IN TUMOR PRODUCTION: AN
    ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF TAR, BENZPYRENE, AND
    METHYLCHOLANTHRENE ON RABBIT SKIN
    J. Exp. Med., Aug 1944; 80: 101 - 126.

    Peyton Rous and William F. Friedewald
    THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS ON VIRUS-INDUCED RABBIT
    PAPILLOMAS
    J. Exp. Med., May 1944; 79: 511 - 538.

    Ian MacKenzie and Peyton Rous
    THE EXPERIMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF LATENT NEOPLASTIC CHANGES IN
    TARRED SKIN
    J. Exp. Med., Mar 1941; 73: 391 - 416.

    Peyton Rous and John G. Kidd
    CONDITIONAL NEOPLASMS AND SUBTHRESHOLD NEOPLASTIC STATES: A
    STUDY OF THE TAR TUMORS OF RABBITS
    J. Exp. Med., Mar 1941; 73: 365 - 390.

    John G. Kidd and Peyton Rous
    A TRANSPLANTABLE RABBIT CARCINOMA ORIGINATING IN A
    VIRUS-INDUCED PAPILLOMA AND CONTAINING THE VIRUS IN MASKED OR
    ALTERED FORM
    J. Exp. Med., Jun 1940; 71: 813 - 838.

    Peyton Rous and John G. Kidd
    THE ACTIVATING, TRANSFORMING, AND CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF THE
    RABBIT PAPILLOMA VIRUS (SHOPE) UPON IMPLANTED TAR TUMORS
    J. Exp. Med., Jun 1940; 71: 787 - 812.

    John G. Kidd and Peyton Rous
    CANCERS DERIVING FROM THE VIRUS PAPILLOMAS OF WILD RABBITS
    UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1940; 71: 469 - 494.

    Peyton Rous and John G. Kidd
    A COMPARISON OF VIRUS-INDUCED RABBIT TUMORS WITH THE TUMORS
    OF UNKNOWN CAUSE ELICITED BY TARRING
    J. Exp. Med., Mar 1939; 69: 399 - 424.

    John G. Kidd and Peyton Rous
    THE CARCINOGENIC EFFECT OF A PAPILLOMA VIRUS ON THE TARRED
    SKIN OF RABBITS: II. MAJOR FACTORS DETERMINING THE PHENOMENON:
    THE MANIFOLD EFFECTS OF TARRING
    J. Exp. Med., Oct 1938; 68: 529 - 562.

    Joseph W. Beard and Peyton Rous
    THE FATE OF VACCINIA VIRUS ON CULTIVATION IN VITRO WITH
    KUPFFER CELLS (RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL CELLS)
    J. Exp. Med., Jun 1938; 67: 883 - 910.

    Peyton Rous and John G. Kidd
    THE CARCINOGENIC EFFECT OF A PAPILLOMA VIRUS ON THE TARRED
    SKIN OF RABBITS: I. DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENON
    J. Exp. Med., Mar 1938; 67: 399 - 428.

    Peyton Rous, J. W. Beard, and John G. Kidd
    OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATION OF THE VIRUS CAUSING RABBIT
    PAPILLOMAS TO THE CANCERS DERIVING THEREFROM: II. THE EVIDENCE
    PROVIDED BY THE TUMORS: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
    J. Exp. Med., Sep 1936; 64: 401 - 424.

    Peyton Rous, John G. Kidd, and J. W. Beard
    OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATION OF THE VIRUS CAUSING RABBIT
    PAPILLOMAS TO THE CANCERS DERIVING THEREFROM: I. THE INFLUENCE
    OF THE HOST SPECIES AND OF THE PATHOGENIC ACTIVITY AND
    CONCENTRATION OF THE VIRUS
    J. Exp. Med., Sep 1936; 64: 385 - 400.

    John G. Kidd, J. W. Beard, and Peyton Rous
    SEROLOGICAL REACTIONS WITH A VIRUS CAUSING RABBIT PAPILLOMAS
    WHICH BECOME CANCEROUS: II. TESTS OF THE BLOOD OF ANIMALS
    CARRYING VARIOUS EPITHELIAL TUMORS
    J. Exp. Med., Jul 1936; 64: 79 - 96.

    John G. Kidd, J. W. Beard, and Peyton Rous
    SEROLOGICAL REACTIONS WITH A VIRUS CAUSING RABBIT PAPILLOMAS
    WHICH BECOME CANCEROUS: I. TESTS OF THE BLOOD OF ANIMALS
    CARRYING THE PAPILLOMA
    J. Exp. Med., Jul 1936; 64: 63 - 77.

    Peyton Rous and J. W. Beard
    THE PROGRESSION TO CARCINOMA OF VIRUS-INDUCED RABBIT
    PAPILLOMAS (SHOPE)
    J. Exp. Med., Oct 1935; 62: 523 - 548.

    Peyton Rous, Philip D. McMaster, and Stephen S. Hudack
    THE FIXATION AND PROTECTION OF VIRUSES BY THE CELLS OF
    SUSCEPTIBLE ANIMALS
    J. Exp. Med., May 1935; 61: 657 - 688.

    Peyton Rous and J. W. Beard
    A VIRUS-INDUCED MAMMALIAN GROWTH WITH THE CHARACTERS OF A
    TUMOR (THE SHOPE RABBIT PAPILLOMA): III. FURTHER CHARACTERS OF
    THE GROWTH: GENERAL DISCUSSION
    J. Exp. Med., Dec 1934; 60: 741 - 766.

    J. W. Beard and Peyton Rous
    A VIRUS-INDUCED MAMMALIAN GROWTH WITH THE CHARACTERS OF A
    TUMOR (THE SHOPE RABBIT PAPILLOMA): II. EXPERIMENTAL
    ALTERATIONS OF THE GROWTH ON THE SKIN: MORPHOLOGICAL
    CONSIDERATIONS: THE PHENOMENA OF RETROGRESSION
    J. Exp. Med., Dec 1934; 60: 723 - 740.

    Peyton Rous and J. W. Beard
    A VIRUS-INDUCED MAMMALIAN GROWTH WITH THE CHARACTERS OF A
    TUMOR (THE SHOPE RABBIT PAPILLOMA): I. THE GROWTH ON
    IMPLANTATION WITHIN FAVORABLE HOSTS
    J. Exp. Med., Dec 1934; 60: 701 - 722.

    J. W. Beard and Peyton Rous
    THE CHARACTERS OF KUPFFER CELLS LIVING IN VITRO
    J. Exp. Med., May 1934; 59: 593 - 607.

    Peyton Rous and J. W. Beard
    SELECTION WITH THE MAGNET AND CULTIVATION OF
    RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (KUPFFER CELLS)
    J. Exp. Med., May 1934; 59: 577 - 591.

    Peyton Rous and Elizabeth Botsford
    THE INCIDENCE OF CANCER IN TARRED AND SHELTERED MICE
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1932; 55: 247 - 266.

    Philip D. McMaster, Stephen Hudack, and Peyton Rous
    THE RELATION OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TO THE GRADIENT OF
    CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1932; 55: 203 - 221.

    Frederick Smith and Peyton Rous
    THE GRADIENT OF VASCULAR PERMEABILITY: IV. THE PERMEABILITY OF
    THE CUTANEOUS VENULES AND ITS FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
    J. Exp. Med., Oct 1931; 54: 499 - 514.

    Peyton Rous and Frederick Smith
    THE GRADIENT OF VASCULAR PERMEABILITY: III. THE GRADIENT ALONG
    THE CAPILLARIES AND VENULES OF FROG SKIN
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1931; 53: 219 - 242.

    Frederick Smith and Peyton Rous
    THE GRADIENT OF VASCULAR PERMEABILITY: II. THE CONDITIONS IN
    FROG AND CHICKEN MUSCLE, AND IN THE MAMMALIAN DIAPHRAGM
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1931; 53: 195 - 217.

    Peyton Rous, H. P. Gilding, and Frederick Smith
    THE GRADIENT OF VASCULAR PERMEABILITY
    J. Exp. Med., May 1930; 51: 807 - 830.

    Peyton Rous and H. P. Gilding
    IS THE LOCAL VASODILATATION AFTER DIFFERENT TISSUE INJURIES
    REFERABLE TO A SINGLE CAUSE?
    J. Exp. Med., Jan 1930; 51: 27 - 39.

    Peyton Rous and H. P. Gilding
    THE FINAL RESPONSE OF THE SMALL CUTANEOUS VESSELS
    J. Exp. Med., Oct 1929; 50: 489 - 512.

    H. P. Gilding and Peyton Rous
    STUDIES OF TISSUE MAINTENANCE: III. PERSISTING BLOODLESSNESS
    AFTER FUNCTIONAL ISCHEMIA
    J. Exp. Med., Oct 1929; 50: 471 - 487.

    Peyton Rous and H. P. Gilding
    STUDIES OF TISSUE MAINTENANCE: I. THE CHANGES WITH DIMINISHED
    BLOOD BULK
    J. Exp. Med., Aug 1929; 50: 189 - 211.

    Peyton Rous and Douglas R. Drury
    OUTLYING ACIDOSIS DUE TO FUNCTIONAL ISCHEMIA
    J. Exp. Med., Mar 1929; 49: 435 - 460.

    D. R. Drury, W. W. Beattie, and Peyton Rous
    THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES: IX. ON
    THE TISSUE REACTION AS INFLUENCED BY INHALATIONS OF CO2 AND BY
    OVERBREATHING.
    J. Exp. Med., Dec 1926; 45: 41 - 58.

    Peyton Rous, D. R. Drury, and W. W. Beattie
    THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES: VIII. ON
    THE COURSE OF THE TISSUE ACIDOSIS SECONDARY TO BLOOD ACIDOSIS
    INDUCED WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID.
    J. Exp. Med., Dec 1926; 45: 23 - 39.

    Peyton Rous and W. W. Beattie
    THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES: VII. THE
    INFLUENCE OF CHANGES IN THE REACTION OF THE BLOOD UPON THE
    REACTION OF THE TISSUES.
    J. Exp. Med., Nov 1926; 44: 835 - 854.

    Peyton Rous
    THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES: VI.
    FACTORS DETERMINING THE REACTION OF SKIN GRAFTS; A STUDY BY
    THE INDICATOR METHOD OF CONDITIONS WITHIN AN ISCHEMIC TISSUE.
    J. Exp. Med., Nov 1926; 44: 815 - 834.

    Douglas R. Drury and Peyton Rous
    THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES: V. (b)
    INFLUENCE OF LYMPH-INSOLUBLE TISSUE MATERIALS ON THE
    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COLORATION WITH SOME PHTHALEIN
    INDICATORS.
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1926; 43: 687 - 701.

    Douglas R. Drury and Peyton Rous
    THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES: V. (a)
    INFLUENCE OF LYMPH-SOLUBLE TISSUE MATERIALS ON THE
    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COLORATION WITH SOME PHTHALEIN
    INDICATORS.
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1926; 43: 669 - 686.

    Peyton Rous
    THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES: IV.
    INDICATED DIFFERENCES IN THE REACTION OF THE ORGANS ON VITAL
    STAINING WITH PHTHALEINS.
    J. Exp. Med., May 1925; 41: 739 - 759.

    D. R. Drury and Peyton Rous
    SUPPRESSION OF BILE AS A RESULT OF IMPAIRMENT OF LIVER
    FUNCTION
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1925; 41: 611 - 622.

    Peyton Rous and D. R. Drury
    JAUNDICE AS AN EXPRESSION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL WASTAGE OF
    CORPUSCLES
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1925; 41: 601 - 609.

    Peyton Rous
    THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES: III.
    INDICATED DIFFERENCES IN THE REACTION OF THE BLOOD AND TISSUES
    ON VITAL STAINING WITH PHTHALEINS.
    J. Exp. Med., Mar 1925; 41: 451 - 470.

    Peyton Rous
    THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN-TISSUES: II. ON
    THE MOBILIZATION OF ACID MATERIAL WITHIN CELLS, AND THE
    REACTION AS INFLUENCED BY THE CELL STATE.
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1925; 41: 399 - 411.

    Peyton Rous
    THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES: I.
    GENERAL FEATURES OF VITAL STAINING WITH LITMUS.
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1925; 41: 379 - 397.

    Peyton Rous and Philip D. McMaster
    THE LIVER REQUIREMENT OF THE FASTING ORGANISM
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1924; 39: 425 - 446.

    Douglas R. Drury, Philip D. McMaster, and Peyton Rous
    OBSERVATIONS ON SOME CAUSES OF GALL STONE FORMATION: III. THE
    RELATION OF THE REACTION OF THE BILE TO EXPERIMENTAL
    CHOLELITHIASIS.
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1924; 39: 403 - 423.

    Peyton Rous, Douglas R. Drury, and Philip D. McMaster
    OBSERVATIONS ON SOME CAUSES OF GALL STONE FORMATION: II. ON
    CERTAIN SPECIAL NUCLEI OF DEPOSITION IN EXPERIMENTAL
    CHOLELITHIASIS.
    J. Exp. Med., Dec 1923; 39: 97 - 116.

    Peyton Rous, Philip D. McMaster, and Douglas R. Drury
    OBSERVATIONS ON SOME CAUSES OF GALL STONE FORMATION: I.
    EXPERIMENTAL CHOLELITHIASIS IN THE ABSENCE OF STASIS,
    INFECTION, AND GALL BLADDER INFLUENCES.
    J. Exp. Med., Dec 1923; 39: 77 - 96.

    G. O. Broun, Philip D. McMaster, and Peyton Rous
    THE RELATION BETWEEN BLOOD DESTRUCTION AND THE OUTPUT OF
    BILE PIGMENT
    J. Exp. Med., May 1923; 37: 733 - 757.

    G. O. Broun, Philip D. McMaster, and Peyton Rous
    STUDIES ON THE TOTAL BILE: IV. THE ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION OF
    BILE PIGMENT.
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1923; 37: 699 - 710.

    Philip D. McMaster, G. O. Broun, and Peyton Rous
    STUDIES ON THE TOTAL BILE: III. ON THE BILE CHANGES CAUSED BY A
    PRESSURE OBSTACLE TO SECRETION; AND ON HYDROHEPATOSIS.
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1923; 37: 685 - 698.

    Peyton Rous, G. O. Broun, and Philip D. McMaster
    STUDIES ON THE TOTAL BILE: II. THE RELATION OF CARBOHYDRATES TO
    THE OUTPUT OF BILE PIGMENT.
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1923; 37: 421 - 428.

    Philip D. McMaster, G. O. Broun, and Peyton Rous
    STUDIES ON THE TOTAL BILE: I. THE EFFECTS OF OPERATION, EXERCISE,
    HOT WEATHER, RELIEF OF OBSTRUCTION, INTERCURRENT DISEASE, AND
    OTHER NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES.
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1923; 37: 395 - 420.

    Peyton Rous and Philip D. McMaster
    A METHOD FOR THE PERMANENT STERILE DRAINAGE OF
    INTRAABDOMINAL DUCTS, AS APPLIED TO THE COMMON DUCT
    J. Exp. Med., Dec 1922; 37: 11 - 19.

    Herbert Haessler, Peyton Rous, and G. O. Broun
    THE RENAL ELIMINATION OF BILIRUBIN
    J. Exp. Med., Mar 1922; 35: 533 - 552.

    Philip D. McMaster, Peyton Rous, and Louise C. Larimore
    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HEMOSIDEROSIS OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
    J. Exp. Med., Mar 1922; 35: 521 - 531.

    Oswald H. Robertson and Peyton Rous
    SOURCES OF THE ANTIBODIES DEVELOPING AFTER REPEATED
    TRANSFUSION
    J. Exp. Med., Jan 1922; 35: 141 - 152.

    Peyton Rous and Philip D. McMaster
    PHYSIOLOGICAL CAUSES FOR THE VARIED CHARACTER OF STASIS BILE
    J. Exp. Med., Jun 1921; 34: 75 - 95.

    Peyton Rous and Philip D. McMaster
    THE CONCENTRATING ACTIVITY OF THE GALL BLADDER
    J. Exp. Med., Jun 1921; 34: 47 - 73.

    Philip D. McMaster and Peyton Rous
    THE BILIARY OBSTRUCTION REQUIRED TO PRODUCE JAUNDICE
    J. Exp. Med., May 1921; 33: 731 - 750.

    Peyton Rous and Louise D. Larimore
    THE BILIARY FACTOR IN LIVER LESIONS
    J. Exp. Med., Jul 1920; 32: 249 - 272.

    Peyton Rous and Louise D. Larimore
    RELATION OF THE PORTAL BLOOD TO LIVER MAINTENANCE: A
    DEMONSTRATION OF LIVER ATROPHY CONDITIONAL ON COMPENSATION.
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1920; 31: 609 - 632.

    Peyton Rous, George W. Wilson, and Jean Oliver
    EXPERIMENTS ON THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC ANTISERA FOR
    INFECTIONS OF UNKNOWN CAUSE: III. THE EFFECTS OF A SERUM
    PRECIPITIN ON ANIMALS OF THE SPECIES FURNISHING THE
    PRECIPITINOGEN.
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1920; 31: 253 - 265.

    Peyton Rous, Oswald H. Robertson, and Jean Oliver
    EXPERIMENTS ON THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC ANTISERA FOR
    INFECTIONS OF UNKNOWN CAUSE: II. THE PRODUCTION OF A SERUM
    EFFECTIVE AGAINST THE AGENT CAUSING A CHICKEN SARCOMA.
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1919; 29: 305 - 320.

    Peyton Rous, Oswald H. Robertson, and Jean Oliver
    EXPERIMENTS ON THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC ANTISERA FOR
    INFECTIONS OF UNKNOWN CAUSE: I. TYPE EXPERIMENTS WITH KNOWN
    ANTIGENS—A BACTERIAL HEMOTOXIN (MEGATHERIOLYSIN), THE
    PNEUMOCOCCUS, AND POLIOMYELITIC VIRUS.
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1919; 29: 283 - 304.

    Peyton Rous and George W. Wilson
    THE INFLUENCE OF ETHER ANESTHESIA, OF HEMORRHAGE, AND OF
    PLETHORA FROM TRANSFUSION ON THE PRESSOR EFFECT OF MINUTE
    QUANTITIES OF EPINEPHRINE
    J. Exp. Med., Jan 1919; 29: 173 - 186.

    Peyton Rous
    URINARY SIDEROSIS: HEMOSIDERIN GRANULES IN THE URINE AS AN AID
    IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, HEMOCHROMATOSIS, AND
    OTHER DISEASES CAUSING SIDEROSIS OF THE KIDNEY.
    J. Exp. Med., Oct 1918; 28: 645 - 658.

    Peyton Rous and Jean Oliver
    EXPERIMENTAL HEMOCHROMATOSIS
    J. Exp. Med., Oct 1918; 28: 629 - 644.

    Peyton Rous and Oswald H. Robertson
    FREE ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY CIRCULATING TOGETHER IN LARGE
    AMOUNTS (HEMAGGLUTININ AND AGGLUTINOGEN IN THE BLOOD OF
    TRANSFUSED RABBITS)
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1918; 27: 509 - 517.

    Peyton Rous
    METHOD FOR INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF GUINEA PIGS
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1918; 27: 459 - 462.

    Oswald H. Robertson and Peyton Rous
    THE NORMAL FATE OF ERYTHROCYTES: II. BLOOD DESTRUCTION IN
    PLETHORIC ANIMALS AND IN ANIMALS WITH A SIMPLE ANEMIA.
    J. Exp. Med., May 1917; 25: 665 - 673.

    Peyton Rous and Oswald H. Robertson
    THE NORMAL FATE OF ERYTHROCYTES: I. THE FINDINGS IN HEALTHY
    ANIMALS.
    J. Exp. Med., May 1917; 25: 651 - 663.

    F. S. Jones and Peyton Rous
    THE PHAGOCYTIC POWER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
    J. Exp. Med., Jan 1917; 25: 189 - 193.

    Peyton Rous and F. S. Jones
    THE PROTECTION OF PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS BY LIVING TISSUE
    CELLS
    J. Exp. Med., May 1916; 23: 601 - 612.

    Peyton Rous and F. S. Jones
    A METHOD FOR OBTAINING SUSPENSIONS OF LIVING CELLS FROM THE
    FIXED TISSUES, AND FOR THE PLATING OUT OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1916; 23: 549 - 555.

    Peyton Rous and J. R. Turner
    THE PRESERVATION OF LIVING RED BLOOD CELLS IN VITRO: II. THE
    TRANSFUSION OF KEPT CELLS.
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1916; 23: 239 - 248.

    Peyton Rous and J. R. Turner
    THE PRESERVATION OF LIVING RED BLOOD CELLS IN VITRO: I. METHODS
    OF PRESERVATION.
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1916; 23: 219 - 237.

    Peyton Rous
    THE INFLUENCE OF DIET ON TRANSPLANTED AND SPONTANEOUS MOUSE
    TUMORS
    J. Exp. Med., Nov 1914; 20: 433 - 451.

    Peyton Rous and James B. Murphy
    ON IMMUNITY TO TRANSPLANTABLE CHICKEN TUMORS
    J. Exp. Med., Oct 1914; 20: 419 - 432.

    Peyton Rous and Linda B. Lange
    ON THE GREATER SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AN ALIEN VARIETY OF HOST TO AN
    AVIAN TUMOR
    J. Exp. Med., Oct 1914; 20: 413 - 418.

    F. S. Jones and Peyton Rous
    ON THE CAUSE OF THE LOCALIZATION OF SECONDARY TUMORS AT
    POINTS OF INJURY
    J. Exp. Med., Oct 1914; 20: 404 - 412.

    Peyton Rous
    ON CERTAIN SPONTANEOUS CHICKEN TUMORS AS MANIFESTATIONS OF
    A SINGLE DISEASE: I. SPINDLE-CELLED SARCOMATA RIFTED WITH
    BLOOD SINUSES.
    J. Exp. Med., Jun 1914; 19: 570 - 576.

    Peyton Rous and James B. Murphy
    ON THE CAUSATION BY FILTERABLE AGENTS OF THREE DISTINCT
    CHICKEN TUMORS
    J. Exp. Med., Jan 1914; 19: 52 - 68.

    Peyton Rous and Linda B. Lange
    THE CHARACTERS OF A THIRD TRANSPLANTABLE CHICKEN TUMOR DUE
    TO A FILTERABLE CAUSE. A SARCOMA OF INTRACANALICULAR PATTERN
    J. Exp. Med., Dec 1913; 18: 651 - 664.

    Peyton Rous
    RESISTANCE TO A TUMOR-PRODUCING AGENT AS DISTINCT FROM
    RESISTANCE TO THE IMPLANTED TUMOR CELLS: OBSERVATIONS WITH A
    SARCOMA OF THE FOWL.
    J. Exp. Med., Oct 1913; 18: 416 - 427.

    Peyton Rous
    THE GROWTH OF TISSUE IN ACID MEDIA
    J. Exp. Med., Aug 1913; 18: 183 - 186.

    Peyton Rous
    FALSE TRANSITIONS BETWEEN NORMAL AND CANCEROUS EPITHELIUM
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1913; 17: 494 - 497.

    Peyton Rous and James B. Murphy
    VARIATIONS IN A CHICKEN SARCOMA CAUSED BY A FILTERABLE AGENT
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1913; 17: 219 - 231.

    Peyton Rous and James B. Murphy
    THE HISTOLOGICAL SIGNS OF RESISTANCE TO A TRANSMISSIBLE
    SARCOMA OF THE FOWL
    J. Exp. Med., Mar 1912; 15: 270 - 286.

    James B. Murphy and Peyton Rous
    THE BEHAVIOR OF CHICKEN SARCOMA IMPLANTED IN THE DEVELOPING
    EMBRYO
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1912; 15: 119 - 132.

    Peyton Rous
    A SARCOMA OF THE FOWL TRANSMISSIBLE BY AN AGENT SEPARABLE
    FROM THE TUMOR CELLS
    J. Exp. Med., Apr 1911; 13: 397 - 411.

    Peyton Rous
    THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON IMPLANTED EMBRYONIC TISSUE
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1911; 13: 248 - 256.

    Peyton Rous
    THE RELATIONS OF EMBRYONIC TISSUE AND TUMOR IN MIXED GRAFTS
    J. Exp. Med., Feb 1911; 13: 239 - 247.

    Peyton Rous
    A TRANSMISSIBLE AVIAN NEOPLASM. (SARCOMA OF THE COMMON
    FOWL.)
    J. Exp. Med., Sep 1910; 12: 696 - 705.

    Peyton Rous
    AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF TRANSPLANTED TUMOR AND A
    TRANSPLANTED NORMAL TISSUE CAPABLE OF GROWTH
    J. Exp. Med., May 1910; 12: 344 - 366.

    Peyton Rous
    PARABIOSIS AS A TEST FOR CIRCULATING ANTI-BODIES IN CANCER:
    FIRST PAPER.
    J. Exp. Med., Nov 1909; 11: 810 - 814.

    Peyton Rous
    THE RESISTANCE TO A SPECIFIC HEMOLYSIN OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES
    IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
    J. Exp. Med., Nov 1909; 11: 763 - 785.

    F. Peyton Rous
    SOME DIFFERENTIAL COUNTS OF THE CELLS IN THE LYMPH OF THE DOG:
    THEIR BEARING ON PROBLEMS IN HÆMATOLOGY
    J. Exp. Med., Jul 1908; 10: 537 - 547.

    F. Peyton Rous
    THE EFFECT OF PILOCARPINE ON THE OUTPUT OF LYMPHOCYTES
    THROUGH THE THORACIC DUCT
    J. Exp. Med., May 1908; 10: 329 - 342.

    F. Peyton Rous
    AN INQUIRY INTO SOME MECHANICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
    LYMPHOCYTOSIS
    J. Exp. Med., Mar 1908; 10: 238 - 270.
 

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