Weintraub H, Groudine M.
Ten percent digestion of isolated nuclei by pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I preferentially removes globin DNA sequences from nuclei obtained from chick red blood cells but not from nuclei obtained from fibroblasts, from brain, or from a population of red blood cell precursors. Moreover, the nontranscribed ovalbumin sequences in nuclei isolated from red blood cells and fibroblasts are retained after mild deoxyribonuclease I digestion. This suggests that active genes are preferentially digested by deoxyribonuclease I. In contrast, treatment of red cell nuclei with staphylococcal nuclease results in no preferential digestion of active globin genes. When the 11S monomers obtained after staphylococcal nuclease digestion of nuclei are then digested with deoxyribonuclease I, the active globin genes are again preferentially digested. The results indicate that active genes are probably associated with histones in a subunit conformation in which the associated DNA is particularly sensitive to digestion by deoxyribonuclease I.
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Chromosomal subunits in active genes have an altered conformation.
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Biochemistry. 1980 Sep 16;19(19):4403-41. No abstract available.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Nov;72(11):4464-8.
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17: Nose K, Tanaka A, Okamoto H.
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An altered DNA conformation detected by S1 nuclease occurs
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Cell. 1982 Jun;29(2):609-22.
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21: Engel JD, Dodgson JB.
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23: Levy B, Dixon GH.
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1977 Apr;4(4):883-98.
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J Biol Chem. 1982 Feb 10;257(3):1501-7.
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Cell. 1981 May;24(2):393-401.
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28: Smith RD, Yu J, Seale RL.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(1):95-9.
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33: Goodwin GH, Nicolas RH, Cockerill PN, Zavou S, Wright CA.
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 May 24;13(10):3561-79.
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Biochemistry. 1986 Dec 2;25(24):8010-6.
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36: Lois R, Freeman L, Villeponteau B, Martinson HG.
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Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jan;10(1):16-27.
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37: Hutchison N, Weintraub H.
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Cell. 1985 Dec;43(2 Pt 1):471-82.
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38: Hughes SH, Stubblefield E, Payvar F, Engel JD, Dodgson
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Mar;76(3):1348-52.
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A 200 base pair region at the 5' end of the chicken adult
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Cell. 1981 Nov;27(1 Pt 2):45-55.
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43: Bloom KS, Anderson JN.
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J Biol Chem. 1979 Oct 25;254(20):10532-9. No abstract available.
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44: Weintraub H, Larsen A, Groudine M.
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Cell. 1981 May;24(2):333-44.
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Apr 25;18(8):2011-6.
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46: Weisbrod S, Groudine M, Weintraub H.
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Cell. 1980 Jan;19(1):289-301.
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47: Palen TE, Cech TR.
Transcribed and non-transcribed regions of Tetrahymena ribosomal
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Apr 11;11(7):2077-91.
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48: Groudine M, Eisenman R, Weintraub H.
Chromatin structure of endogenous retroviral genes and activation
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Nature. 1981 Jul 23;292(5821):311-7.
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49: Groudine M, Weintraub H.
Activation of cellular genes by avian RNA tumor viruses.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5351-4.
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50: Kirov N, Tsanev R.
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Int J Biochem. 1986;18(2):155-9.
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51: Balcarek JM, McMorris FA.
DNase I hypersensitive sites of globin genes of uninduced
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J Biol Chem. 1983 Sep 10;258(17):10622-8.
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52: Itoh-Lindstrom Y, Leffak M.
Alteration of in vitro DNA synthesis in the alpha globin locus
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Apr 11;22(7):498-505.
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53: Spiker S, Murray MG, Thompson WF.
DNase I sensitivity of transcriptionally active genes in intact
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Feb;80(3):815-9.
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54: Vanderbilt JN, Bloom KS, Anderson JN.
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J Biol Chem. 1982 Nov 10;257(21):13009-17. No abstract available.
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Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984 Sep 10;782(4):343-93. Review.
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Differential sensitization to deoxyribonuclease I of Xenopus
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6286-9.
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62: Perry M, Chalkley R.
The effect of histone hyperacetylation on the nuclease sensitivity
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J Biol Chem. 1981 Apr 10;256(7):3313-8.
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63: Levy-Wilson B, Kuehl L, Dixon GH.
The release of high mobility group protein H6 and protamine
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jul 11;8(13):2859-69.
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64: Bloom KS, Anderson JN.
Hormonal regulation of the conformation of the ovalbumin gene
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J Biol Chem. 1982 Nov 10;257(21):13018-27.
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65: Vavra KJ, Pederson DS, Gorovsky MA.
Nuclease sensitivity of chromatin containing active genes:
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Nov 11;9(21):5825-43.
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66: Kuo MT, Iyer B, Schwarz RJ.
Condensation of chromatin into chromosomes preserves an open
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Aug 11;10(15):4565-79.
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67: Motoyoshi K, Bank A, Rifkind RA, Marks PA.
Restriction endonuclease sensitivity of DNA containing globin
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Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981 Mar 26;653(1):139-44.
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68: Kohwi-Shigematsu T, Gelinas R, Weintraub H.
Detection of an altered DNA conformation at specific sites
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(14):4389-93.
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69: Marcaud L, Reynaud CA, Therwath A, Scherrer K.
Modification of the methylation pattern in the vicinity of
the chicken globin
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Apr 24;9(8):1841-51.
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70: Razin SV, Mantieva VL, Georgiev GP.
The similarity of DNA sequences remaining bound to scaffold
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1713-35.
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Quantitation of DNase I sensitivity in Xenopus chromatin containing
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jun 11;9(11):2455-74.
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73: Kuo MT.
Analysis of DNA attached to the chromosome scaffold.
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74: Gerber-Huber S, Felber BK, Weber R, Ryffel GU.
Estrogen induces tissue specific changes in the chromatin
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jun 11;9(11):2475-94.
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75: Emerson BM, Nickol JM, Fong TC.
Erythroid-specific activation and derepression of the chick
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Cell. 1989 Jun 30;57(7):1189-200.
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Enrichment of ubiquitinated histone H2A in a low salt extract
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J Biol Chem. 1990 May 5;265(13):7507-12.
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78: Cox MM, Lehman IR.
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 24;9(2):389-400.
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79: Rocha E, Davie JR, van Holde KE, Weintraub H.
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J Biol Chem. 1984 Jul 10;259(13):8558-63.
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80: Hebbes TR, Thorne AW, Crane-Robinson C.
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81: Garel A, Axel R.
The structure of the transcriptionally active ovalbumin genes
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Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1978;42 Pt 2:701-8. No abstract
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82: Haigh LS, Owens BB, Hellewell OS, Ingram VM.
DNA methylation in chicken alpha-globin gene expression.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Sep;79(17):5332-6.
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83: Emerson BM, Lewis CD, Felsenfeld G.
Interaction of specific nuclear factors with the nuclease-hypersensitive
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Cell. 1985 May;41(1):21-30.
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84: Lewis PN, Guillemette JG, Chan S.
Histone accessibility determined by lysine-specific acetylation
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Eur J Biochem. 1988 Feb 15;172(1):135-45.
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85: Groudine M, Peretz M, Weintraub H.
Transcriptional regulation of hemoglobin switching in chicken
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Mol Cell Biol. 1981 Mar;1(3):281-8.
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86: Samal B, Worcel A, Louis C, Schedl P.
Chromatin structure of the histone genes of D. melanogaster.
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Nonrandom alignment of nucleosomes on 5S RNA genes of X. laevis.
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88: Kaye JS, Bellard M, Dretzen G, Bellard F, Chambon P.
A close association between sites of DNase I hypersensitivity
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EMBO J. 1984 May;3(5):1137-44.
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89: Colquhoun WR, Holmes DS.
Structure of the chromosomal material in inactive nuclei of
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The effects of histones, in vitro age, and culture state on
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Mech Ageing Dev. 1983 Mar-Apr;21(3-4):273-82.
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Histone-H1-dependent chromatin superstructures and the suppression
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92: Komaiko W, Felsenfeld G.
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Biochemistry. 1985 Feb 26;24(5):1186-93.
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93: Kootstra A.
Isolation of high mobility group-containing mononucleosomes
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J Biol Chem. 1982 Nov 10;257(21):13088-94.
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94: Parslow TG, Granner DK.
Structure of a nuclease-sensitive region inside the immunoglobin
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Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Jul 25;11(14):4775-92.
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95: Kirov N, Djondjurov L, Tsanev R.
Nuclear matrix and transcriptional activity of the mouse alpha-globin
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J Mol Biol. 1984 Dec 15;180(3):601-14.
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96: Robinson SI, Nelkin BD, Vogelstein B.
The ovalbumin gene is associated with the nuclear matrix of
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The distirubtion of active genes (globin) and inactive genes
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nuclease.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Oct 24;8(20):4621-38.
PMID: 6255426 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
99: Tsai SY, Roop DR, Stumph WE, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW.
Evidence that deoxyribonucleic acid sequences flanking the
ovalbumin gene are
not transcribed.
Biochemistry. 1980 Apr 29;19(9):1755-61.
PMID: 6246933 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
100: Lachman HM, Mears JG.
DNase I hypersensitivity in the gamma globin gene locus of
K562 cells.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Sep 10;11(17):6065-77.
PMID: 6310525 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
101: Arrand JE, Murray AM.
Benzpyrene groups bind preferentially to the DNA of active
chromatin in human
lung cells.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Mar 11;10(5):1547-55.
PMID: 6280150 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
102: Evans RM, Baluda MA, Shoyab M.
Differences between the integration of avian myeloblastosis
virus DNA in
leukemic cells and of endogenous viral DNA in normal chicken cells.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Aug;71(8):3152-6. No abstract available.
PMID: 4369920 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
103: Stalder J, Larsen A, Engel JD, Dolan M, Groudine M, Weintraub
H.
Tissue-specific DNA cleavages in the globin chromatin domain
introduced by
DNAase I.
Cell. 1980 Jun;20(2):451-60. No abstract available.
PMID: 7388947 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
104: Walmsley ME, Buckle RS, Allan J, Patient RK.
A chicken red cell inhibitor of transcription associated with
the terminally
differentiated state.
J Cell Biol. 1991 Jul;114(1):9-19.
PMID: 2050744 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
105: Zasloff M, Camerini-Otero RD.
Limited DNase I nicking as a probe of gene conformation.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Apr;77(4):1907-11.
PMID: 6929527 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
106: Smith RD, Yu J, Annunziato A, Seale RL.
beta-Globin gene family in murine erythroleukemia cells resides
within two
chromatin domains differing in higher order structure.
Biochemistry. 1984 Jun 19;23(13):2970-6.
PMID: 6235849 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
107: Kimura T, Mills FC, Allan J, Gould H.
Selective unfolding of erythroid chromatin in the region of
the active
beta-globin gene.
Nature. 1983 Dec 15-21;306(5944):709-12.
PMID: 6656872 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
108: Sun YL, Xu YZ, Bellard M, Chambon P.
Digestion of the chicken beta-globin gene chromatin with micrococcal
nuclease
reveals the presence of an altered nucleosomal array characterized
by an
atypical ladder of DNA fragments.
EMBO J. 1986 Feb;5(2):293-300.
PMID: 3011400 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
109: Giri CP, Gorovsky MA.
DNase I sensitivity of ribosomal genes in isolated nucleosome
core particles.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jan 11;8(1):197-214.
PMID: 6766552 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
110: Kuo MT.
Distribution of tightly bound proteins in the chicken ovalbumin
gene region.
Biochemistry. 1982 Jan 19;21(2):321-6.
PMID: 6896157 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
111: Villeponteau B, Martinson HG.
Gamma rays and bleomycin nick DNA and reverse the DNase I
sensitivity of
beta-globin gene chromatin in vivo.
Mol Cell Biol. 1987 May;7(5):1917-24.
PMID: 2439900 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
112: Weintraub H, Flint SJ, Leffak IM, Groudine M, Grainger
RM.
The generation and propagation of variegated chromosome structures.
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1978;42 Pt 1:401-7. No abstract
available.
PMID: 277354 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
113: Gentry GA, Evans S, Campbell DE.
Herpesvirus-induced availability of host DNA to exogenous
endonuclease.
Acta Virol. 1975 Sep;19(5):401-5.
PMID: 241244 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
114: Kroeker WD, Kowalski D.
Gene-sized pieces produced by digestion of linear duplex DNA
with mung bean
nuclease.
Biochemistry. 1978 Aug 8;17(16):3236-43. No abstract available.
PMID: 687580 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
115: Walbot V.
Stability of mercurated DNA during reassociation and S1 nuclease
digestion
experiments.
Anal Biochem. 1978 Oct 1;90(1):90-7. No abstract available.
PMID: 727490 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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